Epstein barr virus related mononucleosis

The team found that a viral protein called EBNA2 was associated with nearly half of the genetic regions associated with the risk for lupus. EBNA2 is known to work through human transcription factors, which bind to DNA and affect the expression of genes nearby.

The team also used RELI to compare the genetic regions tied to risk of other autoimmune diseases. They found that EBNA2 bound to regions associated with the risk for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and celiac disease.

Many transcription factors were associated with these regions as well. Anthony S. References: Transcription factors operate across disease loci, with EBNA2 implicated in autoimmunity. In earlier work, Hauser and his colleagues found that the tissue damage in MS is primarily directed by B cells, which attack the myelin sheath protecting nerves.

The therapies now approved for use are monoclonal antibodies that kill those B cells, thereby easing inflammation. They are not a cure but are highly effective against MS relapses, reducing the development of new lesions measured by magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the brain by an astounding 99 percent.

They are also the only therapies shown to be effective against primary progressive MS, a previously untreatable form of the disease. Others are already working on vaccines that could prevent infection with Epstein-Barr. If these researchers succeed, such vaccines might dramatically reduce the incidence of mononucleosis and some cancers. And now it is conceivable that they could do the same for MS.

Lydia Denworth is a Brooklyn, N. Norton, Credit: Nick Higgins. Already a subscriber? Sign in. Thanks for reading Scientific American.

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It is equally common in both sexes and affects all races. The disease occurs worldwide with no seasonal predilection. EBV is implicated in a wide range of human diseases, many of which have mucocutaneous manifestations that can be acute or chronic. Infectious mononucleosis can also be caused by cytomegalovirus CMV particularly in an older age group than the EBV-related patients.

EBV is passed from person to person by saliva through intimate contacts such as kissing, or via objects such as a toothbrush or drinking glass.

The virus survives on an object while it remains moist. EBV can also be spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusion, organ transplantation , and other procedures.

Spread to children is presumed to be from parents or siblings who carry EBV and shed the virus intermittently. The clinical manifestations of infection are dependent on the interaction between virus and host immune system. The incubation period from contact until symptoms is usually weeks. Children are often asymptomatic or presumed to have a non-specific viral infection.

The typical exanthem of infectious mononucleosis is an acute, generalised maculopapular rash. The exanthem:. These include ampicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines , and macrolides such as erythromycin.